Former Zambian President Chiluba dies
By Lewis Mwanangombe
Frederick Chiluba, Zambia's
first democratically elected president who became increasingly autocratic
during his decade in office, died Saturday. He was 68. Chiluba,
president from November 1991 to January 2002, suffered from heart problems.
The
son of a copper miner and former trade union leader, Chiluba took office after
27 years of one-party rule by Kenneth Kaunda. Hailed as "the black
Moses" and "the liberator" by his supporters, he vowed to
introduce political freedoms and replace Kaunda's debt-ridden, centrally
planned economy with a free market.
At
first, Chiluba expanded civil and political rights and Zambia was seen
as a model of democracy on a troubled continent. But eventually he slipped into
Kaunda's methods of suppressing opposition and he was dogged by corruption
allegations into his retirement.
He
declared a state of emergency in 1997 after a failed coup and subsequently
detained Kaunda — whom he accused of being behind the plot — under house
arrest. Chiluba was unapologetic after Kaunda was shot and wounded by
government forces during demonstrations the same year and escaped an
assassination attempt in 1999.
Chiluba's
antipathy toward Zambia's
founding father stemmed from being imprisoned without charges in 1981 for
allegedly organizing strikes to weaken the government. In prison, Chiluba
became a born-again Christian and peppered his speeches with biblical references.
Chiluba
barred the charismatic Kaunda from running again for president in 1996 by
saying that his Malawian origins disqualified him. The opposition boycotted the
poll as Chiluba's Movement for Multiparty Democracy was elected for a second
term.
He
left office only reluctantly. After repeated promises to retire when his term
ended, he flirted with changing the constitution to enable a run for a third
five-year term. The move angered many Zambians who cherished their relatively
new democracy and he was forced to back down.
In
his bid to free up copper-rich Zambia's
economy, Chiluba slashed import duties and abolished currency controls. He sold
state owned enterprises to private buyers, many of them from Europe or South Africa.
But
the measures failed to improve the lot of the vast majority of Zambia's 13
million people, who remained mired in abject poverty.
The
extent of the corruption became apparent after Chiluba left office and handed
over to his hand-picked successor Levy Mwanawasa.
In
2009, a magistrate acquitted Chiluba of corruption charges after a six-year
trial. Chiluba had been accused of diverting nearly $500,000 of state money for
his own use. The judge ruled that the funds could not be traced to government
coffers.
Several
people close to Chiluba — including his wife — were convicted earlier on
related charges. Chiluba had claimed to be the victim of a political witch hunt
backed by Britain, Zambia's former
colonial ruler.
In
2007 in a London High Court civil case, a judge ruled that Chiluba was guilty
of stealing $46 million from Zambian state coffers during his years in office.
Zambian prosecutors had pursued the case in British courts because some of the
money was allegedly laundered through British banks.
The
British judge ordered Chiluba to pay back 85 percent of the money, and in his
ruling painted a picture of a decadent ruler who spent taxpayer funds on
expensive suits and shoes while most Zambians lived in poverty. Chiluba
appealed and the High Court decision had to be registered in Zambia, a
lengthy process, before any enforcement.
Associated Press
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